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The data on the SDA line must be stable during the HIGH period of the clock. Input reference levels are set as 30 % and 70 % of V DD V IL is 0.3V DD and V IH is 0.7V DD. The output stages of devices connected to the bus must have an open-drain or open-collector to perform the wired-AND function.ĭue to the variety of different technology devices (CMOS, NMOS, bipolar), that can be connected to the I 2C-bus, the levels of the logical ‘0’ (LOW) and ‘1’ (HIGH) are not fixed and depend on the associated level of V DD. When the bus is free, both lines are HIGH. SDA & SCL, Data Validityīoth SDA and SCL are bidirectional lines, connected to a positive supply voltage via a current-source or pull-up resistor. That’s why bus arbitration is a very powerful feature for I2C communication.

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To write a 1, we turn OFF the output driver and the line will be pulled up to HIGH by the effect of the external resistors. To write a 0, we turn ON the output driver to pull the signal line to LOW. That’s because of the nature of “Open-drain” output. And that’s due to having what’s called “Bus Arbitration” in case of multiple masters did initiate a transaction at the exact same time.Īnyone will write a 0 first while the other is writing a 1, will win the arbitration and continue its message and the other master will stop and wait till the end. The I2C bus lines being “open-drain” bidirectional pins makes it perfect for multi-master multi-slave sort of communication without any risk of having collisions. However, if we turn ON the output driver, the IO pin is driven LOW to the ground by the output driver transistor as you can see in the diagram below. That’s why the default (IDLE) state for each line is HIGH when the open-drain driver is turned OFF. Which as the name suggests is having each IO pin connected to the collector of the output driver transistor internally, while having it pulled up to Vcc with a resistor eternally. The I2C bus uses what’s known as an open-drain (open-collector) output driver for both SDA and SCL lines. Note: You have to refer to the specific device datasheet to check the typical details for the i2c hardware specifications that have actually been implemented on-chip. Ultra Fast-Mode (UFm), with a bit rate up to 5 Mbit/s.High-speed Mode (Hs-mode), with a bit rate up to 3.4 Mbit/s.

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Fast-Mode Plus (Fm+), with a bit rate up to 1 Mbit/s.

Fast-Mode (Fm), with a bit rate up to 400 kbit/s.

Standard-Mode (Sm), with a bit rate up to 100 kbit/s.

Ultra Fast-mode devices are not compatible with previous versions since the bus is unidirectional. This means any device may be operated at a lower bus speed.

Standard-mode, Fast-mode (Fm), Fast-mode Plus (Fm+), and High-speed mode (Hs-mode) devices are downward-compatible. Over time there have been several additions to the specification so that there are now five operating speed categories. Originally, the I2C-bus was limited to 100 kbit/s operations.

It’s widely used for attaching lower-speed peripheral ICs to processors and microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication.

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The I 2C is a multi-master, multi-slave, synchronous, bidirectional, half-duplex serial communication bus. I 2C TM is a registered trademark for its respective owner and maybe it was the reason they call it “Two Wire Interface (TWI)” in some microcontrollers like Atmel AVR. I 2C (i-square-c) is an acronym for “Inter-Integrated-Circuit” which was originally created by Philips Semiconductors (now NXP) back in 1982.

STM32 I2C DMA Mode HAL Functions (Non-Blocking Mode) STM32 I2C Interrupt Mode HAL Functions (Non-Blocking Mode) STM32 I2C “Blocking” HAL Functions (Blocking Mode) Next, we’ll do a handful of LABs to practice using I2C in different projects for communication and modules interfacing with STM32 microcontrollers. And that’s it for this theoretical tutorial.

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And the different modes to perform I2C transmit & receive operations like (polling – interrupt – DMA) both as an I2C master and as a slave device as well.įinally, we’ll check the available I2C configuration inside of CubeMX and how to configure & operate the peripheral using the provided HAL APIs. In conclusion, we’ll take a look at the possible interrupt signals that can be triggered by the I2C hardware. And we’ll get a closer look at the STM32 I2C hardware module and its internal functionalities, modes of operation, options, and configurations. Starting with an introduction to the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) communication. In this tutorial, we’ll be discussing the I2C hardware in STM32 microcontrollers. Previous Tutorial Tutorial 44 Next Tutorial STM32 I2C Communication Tutorial – HAL Examples STM32 Course Home Page 🏠

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